Ukuqubuka kwenyumoniya entsha yomqhele kunomthelela omkhulu emnothweni womhlaba, kanti imboni yezicathulo nayo ibhekene nenselelo enkulu. Ukuphazamiseka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kubangele uchungechunge lwemiphumela yochungechunge: ifektri yaphoqeleka ukuthi ivalwe, umyalelo awukwazanga ukulethwa ngokushelela, inzuzo yamakhasimende kanye nobunzima bokuhoxiswa kwezimali kwaphinde kwagqanyiswa. Ebusika obunzima kangaka, ungayixazulula kanjani inkinga ye-supply chain? Indlela yokuqhubeka nokwandisa i-supply chain sekuyinkambo yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezicathulo.
Isidingo semakethe, uguquko olusha lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kuphakamisa izidingo eziphakeme ze-supply chain.
Kusukela kwaba nezinguquko nokuvuleka, imboni yezicathulo yaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha, futhi isibe yizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke elikhiqiza izicathulo kanye nezwe elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Inomkhakha wezomsebenzi oqeqeshiwe kanye nohlelo lwemboni yezicathulo oluphelele noluphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa, uguquko kwezobuchwepheshe, uguquko lwezimboni kanye nenguquko yezohwebo, amamodeli amasha, amafomethi amasha kanye nezimfuno ezintsha kuvela ngokungapheli. Amabhizinisi ezicathulo zaseShayina abhekene nengcindezi nezinselele ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi umgomo wokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezimakethe zomhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imboni yezicathulo zendabuko ibhekene novivinyo olunzima. Izindleko zabasebenzi, izindleko zokuqasha kanye nezindleko zentela ziyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Ngokuhambisana nesidingo esishintshayo semakethe, amabhizinisi kudingeka ukuthi akhiqize futhi alethe ama-oda ngokushesha nangempumelelo, futhi abeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme zohlelo lokuthengwa kwezicathulo.
Ukwakha uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle sekuseduze.
UChristophe, isazi sezomnotho saseBrithani, ubeka phambili ukuthi “awukho ukuncintisana phakathi kwebhizinisi nelinye ibhizinisi esikhathini esizayo, futhi kunokuncintisana phakathi kwe-supply chain kanye nolunye uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka”.
Ngomhla ziyi-18 kuMfumfu wezi-2017, uMongameli u-Xi Jinping wafaka “uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla yesimanje” embikweni okokuqala ngqa embikweni “weshumi nesishiyagalolunye”, okukhuphula uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla yesimanje lufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu lesu likazwelonke, elinengqopha-mlando ekuthuthukisweni kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla yesimanje eShayina, futhi lihlinzeka ngesisekelo senqubomgomo esanele sokusheshisa ukusungulwa nokuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla lwesimanje lwaseChina.
Eqinisweni, ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2016 kwaze kwaba maphakathi no-2017, iminyango kahulumeni yaqala ukuthatha izinyathelo ngomsebenzi wokuthengwa kwempahla. Kusukela ngo-August 2017 kuya ku-March 1, 2019, ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-19 kuphela, izinkonzo namakhomishini ezwe akhipha imibhalo emikhulu engu-6 yezokuthutha kanye ne-supply chain, okuyinto eyivelakancane. Uhulumeni ubematasatasa ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kwale mboni, ikakhulukazi “amadolobha okulinga ukusungulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-supply chain”. Ngo-Agasti 16, 2017, uMnyango Wezohwebo kanye Nomnyango Wezezimali ngokuhlanganyela bakhiphe isaziso sokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuthengwa kwempahla; ngo-Okthoba 5, 2017, ihhovisi elijwayelekile loMkhandlu Kazwelonke likhiphe “imibono eyisiqondiso ekukhuthazeni ngenkuthalo ukusungulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla”; ngo-April 17, 2018, iminyango engu-8 njengoMnyango Wezohwebo ikhiphe isaziso esivivinyweni sokusungula nokusetshenziswa kwe-supply chain.
Ezinkampanini zezicathulo, ukwakha uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu embonini yezicathulo, ikakhulukazi izifunda ezinqamula izifunda, ukuxhumana ngokubambisana komnyango kanye nokusebenza kokufika, ukuxhumanisa izixhumanisi ezibalulekile ezifana nezinto ezingavuthiwe, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, ukwakheka, ukukhiqizwa, ukujikeleza, ukusetshenziswa nokunye, kanye nokusungula imodi yenhlangano egxile ekufuneni, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokwenyusa ukusebenza kahle kuzoba yindlela enhle yokubhekana nezinguquko ezibalulekile ezikhathini eziguqukayo.
Imboni yezicathulo idinga ngokushesha inkundla yesevisi ye-supply chain ukuze ikhuthaze ngokuhlanganyela ukwenziwa kahle kwe-supply chain.
Uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwemboni yezicathulo lushintshile kusukela esikalini sokuqala ukuya ekuphatheni okungalungile ukuya ekuphenduleni okusheshayo nokuphatha ngokucophelela. Ezinkampanini ezinkulu zezicathulo, ukwakha uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngempahla olusebenzayo, olushesha futhi oluhlakaniphile akulona iqiniso. Idinga ubuchwepheshe obusha, amasistimu amasha, ozakwethu abasha, namazinga esevisi amasha. Ngakho-ke, ukuncika endaweni yesevisi ye-supply chain enekhono eliqinile lokuhlanganisa nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kuyisinyathelo sokuqala samabhizinisi ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nokusebenza kanye nezindleko zokuthengiselana ngokuxhuma izinsiza zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zochungechunge lwemboni kanye nokuthuthukisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
Iketango elisha lemboni yezicathulo ze-federation ligxile emlandweni omude wesiko lezicathulo, futhi imboni yezicathulo inesisekelo esiqinile. Inedumela elithi "i-Wenzhou shoes capital". Ngakho-ke, inesisekelo esingcono sokukhiqiza izicathulo kanye nezinzuzo zokukhiqiza. Kuthatha izicathulo I-Netcom kanye nezicathulo zokuhweba port njengesisekelo senkundla yokuhweba yokuhlinzeka ngezicathulo ezimbili. Ihlanganisa izinsiza ezikhuphukayo neziphansi zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, ihlanganisa i-R & D, ucwaningo lwezitayela zemfashini, ukwakhiwa kwezicathulo, ukukhiqiza, ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo, ukuthengiswa kokusakaza bukhoma, izinsizakalo zezezimali nezinye izinkundla zezinsiza.
Ingqungquthela yokuqala yomhlaba wonke yemboni yezicathulo yase-China izoqoqa amandla okuthuthukisa ukwenziwa kahle kwe-supply chain kanye nentuthuko.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugxila kwezinsiza kanye nenzuzo iyonke embonini yezicathulo, ama-SME ochungechungeni oluhlanganyelwe kufanele akhe ngokuhlanganyela i-ecosystem entsha yemboni yezicathulo ukuze kukhuliswe uguquko kanye nokwenza ngcono kwamabhizinisi ezicathulo nokudala intuthuko entsha. Ingqungquthela yokuqala yemboni yezicathulo yaseChina kufanele izalwe. Muva nje, uchungechunge olusha lwemboni yezicathulo yenhlangano lusalungiswa. Kubikwa ukuthi uMhlangano Jikelele uzobanjwa ngoMeyi (ngenxa yomthelela wesikhashana walolu bhubhane), ugxile kumaphuzu amane abalulekile "embonini + Idizayini + ubuchwepheshe + ezezimali", nesikhungo sohwebo sokuthengiswa kwezicathulo emhlabeni wonke njengenkundla yokuxhumanisa phezulu naphansi kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, ukuhlanganisa izinsiza zemboni yezicathulo zomhlaba wonke, futhi kukhushulwe uxhaso lwezezimali ngokuthuthukiswa kwamandla wezicathulo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-01-2021
